METTL13 Controls MYC, Drives Leukemia Cell Survival

In a groundbreaking study poised to reshape our understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), researchers have uncovered the pivotal role of METTL13, a methyltransferase enzyme, in maintaining the survival and proliferation of leukemia cells. This discovery, detailed in an article set to appear in Cell Death Discovery, unveils a molecular axis involving METTL13’s regulation of the oncogene MYC, a master regulator known for its profound influence on cell growth and cancer progression. The implications of these findings echo far beyond the laboratory, heralding new therapeutic avenues that could potentially transform treatment paradigms for one of the most aggressive and lethal hematological malignancies.

Acute myeloid leukemia is notorious for its rapid progression and resistance to conventional therapies, often leading to poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates. At the heart of AML’s malignancy lies a complex network of genetic and epigenetic alterations, among which aberrant activation of oncogenes like MYC is a recurring theme. MYC orchestrates an array of cellular processes essential for cancer cell survival, including metabolism, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis evasion. However, targeting MYC directly has remained an elusive goal due to its “undruggable” nature, leaving scientists to explore upstream regulatory mechanisms that govern its function.

The recent study spearheaded by Zhao, K., Zhang, H., Wang, S., and colleagues breaks new ground by identifying METTL13 as a critical post-transcriptional modulator of MYC in AML cells. METTL13, a member of the methyltransferase family, enzymatically modifies specific substrates through methylation, thereby altering their function and stability. Through an intricate series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, the researchers demonstrated that silencing METTL13 expression led to a marked decrease in MYC levels, which in turn severely compromised leukemia cell viability. This direct link illuminated a previously uncharted regulatory layer influencing MYC activity and AML cell survival.

Delving deeper into molecular details, the study elucidated how METTL13-mediated methylation impacts the translation machinery and protein synthesis within AML cells. METTL13 was found to methylate components involved in the initiation of mRNA translation, thereby enhancing the production of MYC protein. This post-transcriptional control mechanism allows leukemia cells to sustain high MYC protein levels irrespective of changes in MYC mRNA expression, highlighting a sophisticated strategy that leukemia cells exploit to maintain their oncogenic drive. Such insights deepen our understanding of cancer biology, particularly showcasing how epigenetic modifications intersect with gene expression regulation to fuel malignancy.

To validate the clinical relevance of their findings, the researchers analyzed patient-derived AML samples and corroborated that METTL13 expression was significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. This overexpression correlated with higher MYC protein levels, reinforcing the pathophysiological link described in experimental models. Furthermore, patients exhibiting increased METTL13 activity had poorer prognostic indicators, suggesting METTL13 could serve as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target in AML. These correlations underscore the translational potential of targeting METTL13 to disrupt MYC-driven leukemogenesis.

Crucially, functional assays revealed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of METTL13 induced apoptosis in AML cell lines without affecting normal hematopoietic cells, hinting at a therapeutic window that could be exploited for selective AML targeting. This specificity offers hope for designing treatments that minimize collateral damage to healthy tissue, a fundamental challenge in current chemotherapy regimens. The study also provided preliminary evidence that combining METTL13 inhibition with existing therapies could potentiate anti-leukemic effects, laying a foundation for combinatorial treatment strategies.

The mechanistic insights uncovered by Zhao and colleagues have broad implications, especially considering the notorious difficulty of directly targeting MYC. By shifting the therapeutic focus upstream to METTL13, researchers are unveiling a novel strategy that could circumvent previous barriers. Moreover, understanding how methyltransferase enzymes modulate oncogene expression opens new investigative pathways in cancer biology, as similar mechanisms may be operative in other malignancies characterized by MYC dysregulation.

From a therapeutic development perspective, the discovery that METTL13 supports leukemia cell survival via MYC regulation ignites enthusiasm for drug discovery efforts aimed at inhibiting this enzyme’s methyltransferase activity. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting METTL13 could represent the next generation of epigenetic therapies, with the potential for high efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including the need to delineate METTL13’s role in normal physiology to avoid unintended side effects, and optimizing inhibitor specificity to prevent off-target interactions.

The study further sheds light on the broader landscape of epitranscriptomics—the diverse chemical modifications that regulate RNA function and protein synthesis. METTL13’s influence on mRNA translation through methylation exemplifies how post-transcriptional modifications profoundly impact cellular behavior and cancer biology. As investigations into the epitranscriptomic code accelerate, enzymes like METTL13 may emerge as central nodes controlling oncogenic programs across cancer types.

Beyond AML, these findings encourage a reevaluation of methyltransferase enzymes’ roles across hematological and solid tumors. Given MYC’s ubiquitous involvement in many cancers, targeting METTL13 or similar modifiers could herald new therapeutic directions with wide applicability. Additionally, the ability to disrupt cancer cell survival pathways at the translational level represents a paradigm shift, signifying an era where cancer treatment is informed by multilayered regulatory networks rather than single-gene targets.

In the clinical context, integrating METTL13 expression levels into diagnostic and prognostic workflows could refine patient stratification and guide personalized treatment decisions. Patients with elevated METTL13 might benefit from tailored therapies that specifically disrupt the METTL13-MYC axis. Moreover, monitoring METTL13 activity longitudinally could serve as an indicator of treatment response and disease progression, aiding clinicians in optimizing management strategies.

The discovery also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research, combining molecular biology, biochemistry, genomics, and clinical sciences to unravel complex oncogenic pathways. The collaborative approach enabled a comprehensive characterization of METTL13’s function from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications, serving as a model for future translational cancer research endeavors.

Looking ahead, the field is poised for exciting developments as efforts focus on designing and testing METTL13 inhibitors in preclinical models and eventually clinical trials. Success in these steps could revolutionize AML therapy, offering hope for improved survival and quality of life for patients afflicted by this aggressive leukemia. The ongoing work will also likely stimulate broader investigations into epigenetic regulation mechanisms underpinning cancer, potentially unveiling new classes of druggable targets.

In conclusion, the revelation that METTL13 is indispensable for AML cell survival by modulating MYC expression not only enriches the understanding of leukemia biology but also spotlights a promising therapeutic target with far-reaching implications. By bridging epitranscriptomics and oncogenic signaling, this study paves the way for innovative cancer treatments that disrupt fundamental pathological processes. As research progresses, targeting METTL13 may emerge as a game-changer in the fight against AML and beyond, offering renewed optimism in conquering one of the deadliest forms of cancer.

Subject of Research: The role of METTL13 in the survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells through regulation of MYC.

Article Title: METTL13 is essential for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating MYC.

Article References:
Zhao, K., Zhang, H., Wang, S. et al. METTL13 is essential for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating MYC. Cell Death Discov. 11, 240 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02512-x

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02512-x

Tags: acute myeloid leukemia researchcancer progression and metabolismepigenetic alterations in leukemiahematological malignancies advancementsleukemia cell survival mechanismsmethyltransferase enzyme functionMETTL13 role in leukemiaMYC regulation in cancernovel leukemia therapiesoncogene activation in AMLtargeting MYC for cancer treatmenttherapeutic targets for AML