Digital PCR Accurately Assesses Drug Discontinuation in Remission for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Philadelphia, March 27, 2025 – In a groundbreaking study published in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, researchers have successfully demonstrated that digital PCR technology can reliably quantify the stable deep molecular remission in patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This advancement is crucial as it opens up the possibility for some long-term CML patients to safely discontinue their chronic drug treatments. The unique genetic transcript that characterizes CML, known as BCR::ABL1, has been shown to be more sensitive and accurate than the traditional real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in detecting minimal levels of residual leukemic cells.

The lead investigator, Dr. Peter E. Westerweel from the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Dordrecht, The Netherlands, highlights the significance of their findings. His team revealed that digital PCR technology had a remarkable sensitivity rate of 97% in identifying the BCR::ABL1 transcript among patients who were considered to be in deep molecular remission. Remarkably, the molecular target was identified in two-thirds of patients whose levels were undetectable by the currently standard RT-qPCR method. This enhanced sensitivity provided a more reliable means of selecting candidates for discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the current mainstay of treatment for CML.

Chronic myeloid leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, is defined by the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion protein formed when the BCR and ABL1 genes fuse abnormally. Thanks to targeted therapies, particularly TKIs, many patients achieve deep molecular responses, significantly improving their prognosis. Some of these patients can reach a state of remission equivalent to that of the general population, and for them, the prospect of halting medication becomes a tantalizing possibility.

Within the framework of a nationwide multicenter study in the Netherlands, researchers collected blood samples from patients who were being evaluated for potential TKI discontinuation between July 2020 and May 2023. A total of 168 samples from 136 CML patients, gathered from 31 medical centers, provided critical data for this important study.

The use of digital PCR in quantifying the BCR::ABL1 levels on the International Scale yielded impressive results, detecting residual disease levels as low as 0.0023%. This precise cutoff point is essential for assessing treatment-free remission for patients. The goal of achieving a molecular response at the MR5.0 level involves the proficient detection of one BCR::ABL1 transcript amid a pool of at least 100,000 regular genetic copies, a benchmark met by the digital PCR technology in an impressive 97% of samples tested.

Furthermore, variations were observed among the patients concerning the fluorescence levels of droplets produced by the digital PCR technique. These differences arose due to the diverse types of BCR::ABL1 transcripts present in individual patients. Higher fluorescence in droplets signifies the presence of target transcripts, whereas lower fluorescence indicates a negative result. Understanding these nuances allows clinicians to discern which transcript type a patient has, an additional layer of information that was often unspecified before this study.

The two main transcript types identified – e13a2 and e14a2 – relate to different genetic rearrangements affecting treatment outcomes. Dr. Westerweel pointed out that the transcript types themselves have critical implications, as previous studies established them as risk factors for molecular relapse after the discontinuation of therapy. Given that the transcript type was typically unknown when patients reached deep remission, this innovative application of digital PCR offers significant potential for personalized medicine in CML treatment.

The capabilities of this study are underscored by the fact that it utilized an FDA-approved commercially available digital PCR assay. Such approval means that this technology is not only cutting-edge but also feasible for broad clinical application. By enabling precise assessments of minimal residual disease, digital PCR may greatly enhance patient management strategies and risk evaluations for those contemplating treatment-free remission.

With these advancements, Dr. Westerweel asserts that digital PCR for BCR::ABL1 is now a valuable and dependable tool that can aid clinicians in making informed treatment decisions for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. As research continues to refine and expand the capabilities of molecular diagnostics, the promise of more personalized care for CML patients becomes increasingly attainable, offering hope for improved quality of life and the potential cessation of long-term therapies.

In conclusion, digitization in PCR methodology not only elevates the standard of precision in clinical evaluations but also represents a transformative leap toward understanding CML at a molecular level. This innovative approach signals a shift in how we view treatment options, with the potential to fundamentally alter the trajectory of care for individuals dealing with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Dr. Westerweel’s findings mark a significant stride in the realm of molecular diagnostics and personalized cancer therapy, demonstrating an exemplary fusion of technology and therapeutic strategy that may pave the way for future innovations in cancer treatment.

With the application of this digital technology, patients can anticipate more tailored treatment pathways and an era of precision medicine in which therapy aligns closely with individual patient needs. This achievement underscores the critical need for ongoing research and development in the ever-evolving landscape of oncology.

Subject of Research: Cells
Article Title: BCR::ABL1 Deep Molecular Response Quantification and Transcript Type Identification in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Using a US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Droplet-Based Digital PCR Assay
News Publication Date: March 27, 2025
Web References: DOI Link
References: The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
Image Credits: None provided.

Keywords: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Digital PCR, BCR::ABL1, TKI Discontinuation, Molecular Diagnostics, Precision Medicine, Transcript Type, Treatment-Free Remission.

Tags: BCR::ABL1 transcript detectioncancer treatment monitoringchronic myeloid leukemia researchdeep molecular remission assessmentdigital PCR technologydrug discontinuation in remissionhematologic malignancies researchlong-term CML patient caremolecular diagnostics advancementsprecision medicine in oncologysensitivity comparison RT-qPCR digital PCRtyrosine kinase inhibitors discontinuation