Amino acid PET successfully differentiates recurrent brain metastases, reducing invasive procedures and overtreatment

Reston, VA—A newly published meta-analysis indicates that amino acid PET can accurately differentiate recurrent or progressive brain metastases from treatment-related changes. A specificity of 84 percent suggests that it may reduce the number of invasive procedures and overtreatment in patients who in fact experience treatment-related changes. This research was published in the May issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Brain metastases occur in 20 to 40 percent of all cancer patients and are most likely to occur in those with lung, breast and renal cancer, melanoma, and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Management of patients with brain metastases usually includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Some patients develop treatment-related changes such as radiation necrosis or pseudoprogression.

“A differentiation between recurrent or progressive brain metastases and treatment-related changes is challenging,” said Igor Yakushev, senior physician in the department of nuclear medicine at Technical University of Munich in Germany. “As the management of patients with recurrent or progressive brain metastases and treatment-related changes is fairly different, accurate and early differential diagnosis is essential.”

The meta-analysis included 12 studies with amino acid PET radiotracers. The studies included a total of 397 patients with 547 lesions. Overall, 269 lesions (49 percent) were found to be recurrent or progressive brain metastases. Using a histologic examination and/or radiological and clinical follow-up as reference, pooled sensitivity and specificity of amino acid PET were found to be 82 and 84 percent respectively.

“This study provides IIa class evidence on diagnostic utility of amino acid PET in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or progressive brain metastases,” stated Yakushev. “These findings are in line with an increasing role of molecular imaging in the management of patients with brain tumors, yet the results also point to potential for further improvement of diagnostic accuracy.”

The authors of “Diagnostic utility of amino acid PET in the differential diagnosis of recurrent brain metastases and treatment-related changes: a meta-analysis” include Timo Schlürmann, Wolfgang Weber, and Igor Yakushev, Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Birgit Waschulzik, Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Stephanie Combs, Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Oberschleißheim, Germany, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Sites; Jens Gempt, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; and Benedikt Wiestler, Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.

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